Section II: Incarceration & Its Consequences

Disenfranchisement

• Percent of all voting age Americans disenfranchised (not allowed to vote, temporarily or permanently) by reason of a felony conviction397: 2.28%
• Number of states that deny the vote, for life, to all ex-offenders in their state who have completed their sentences398: 8

• Number of states that disenfranchise prisoners convicted of a felony399: 48
• Number of states that disenfranchise felony probationers400: 29
• Number of states that disenfranchise felons on parole401: 33

• Percent of states in the year 1800 that disenfranchised some or all of their convicted felons402: 0%
• Year Utah disenfranchised its prisoners403: 1998
• Year Massachusetts disenfranchised its prisoners404: 2000
• Percent of states in 2000 that disenfranchise some or all of their convicted felons405: 96%

• Percent of African-American men disenfranchised by a felony conviction406: 13.1%
• Number of states that disenfranchise more than 5% of their adult population407: 6
• Number of states that disenfranchise more than 5% of their African-American population408: 28
• Number of states that disenfranchise more than 10% of their African-American population409: 16

Changing elections

• Number of U.S. Senate elections since 1978 whose outcome was changed by felon disenfranchisement410: 7
• Year Kennedy defeated Nixon in a presidential election411: 1960
• Kennedy's margin of victory in the popular vote over Nixon, 1960412: 118,550
• Had modern rates of disenfranchisement applied in 1960, Nixon's margin of victory over Kennedy413: 106,261

Election 2000

• Margin of victory, George Bush over Al Gore in Florida, 2000414: 537
• Number of Floridians disenfranchised by reason of a felony conviction415: 827,207
• Number of Floridians free of prison, parole or probation who are disenfranchised for life416: 613,514
• Percent of African-American adults in Florida who are disenfranchised417: 16.02%
• Percent of African-American adult males in Florida who are disenfranchised418: 31.2%
• Without disenfranchisement, probable margin of victory for Al Gore over George Bush in Florida419: 80,000
• If Florida had allowed ex-felons (but not prisoners, probationers or parolees) to vote in 2000, probable margin of victory for Al Gore over George Bush in Florida420: 40,000

This page is an excerpt from The Prison Index: Taking the Pulse of the Crime Control Industry (2003) by Peter Wagner, published by the Western Prison Project and the Prison Policy Initiative. Footnotes for all facts are available in the print version.