Juveniles

  • Fostering Change: How investing in D.C.'s child welfare system can keep kids out of the prison pipeline, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, April, 2013
    “In 2010, parental incarceration surpassed parental substance abuse as the third highest reason for District children entering care, and in 2010, one in every six kids entering foster care had anincarcerated parent.”
  • Raised on the Registry: The Irreparable Harm of Placing Children on Sex Offender Registries in the US,
    Human Rights Watch, April, 2013
    “Good public policy should deliver measurable protection to the community and measurable benefit to victims. There is little reason to believe that registering people who commit sexual offenses as children delivers either.”
  • Missouri: Justice Rationed An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Juvenile Defense Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    National Juvenile Defender Center, April, 2013
    “Missouri’s indigent defense system is in crisis and has suffers crushing caseloads and inadequate resources. The system remains broken and forced to ration services, and youth are discouraged from and systematically denied counsel throughout the state.”
  • Effective Approaches for Reducing Graffiti in Texas: Strategies to Save Money and Beautify Communities, [PDF]
    Texas Criminal Justice Coalition, March, 2013
    “Efforts aimed at eradicating graffiti should revolve around diversion of graffitists into positive, artistic endeavors that include communities, while reserving the prosecution of graffitists only for those who are involved in other, more serious crimes.”
  • Juvenile Justice Reform in Connecticut: How Collaboration and Commitment Have Improved Public Safety and Outcomes for Youth, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, February, 2013
    “Connecticut has reduced the under-18 population incarcerated in the state’s adult prisons from 403 in January 2007 to 151 in July 2012. The number of youth detained for status offenses has dropped from 493 in 2006-07 to 0 in 2008-09.”
  • Reducing Youth Incarceration in the United States [PDF]
    Annie E. Casey Foundation, February, 2013
    “Since 1995 the rate of youth in confinement dropped by 41 percent, from 381 per 100,000 youth to 225 per 100,000.”
  • Raising the Age of Juvenile Court Jurisdiction The future of 17-year-olds in Illinois' justice system, [PDF]
    Illinois Juvenile Justice Commission, February, 2013
    “Adding 17-year-old misdemeanants to the juvenile justice system in 2010 did not crash it. In fact, due to a sharp decline in juvenile crime, there are currently fewer juvenile arrests than when the General Assembly began debating the change in 2008.”
  • Common Ground: Lessons Learned from Five States that Reduced Juvenile Confinement by More than Half, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, February, 2013
    “For all states and the District of Columbia, the number of youth in residential placement dropped steadily from its high of 107,493 in 1999 to 70,792 in 2010.”
  • If Not Now, When? A Survey of Juvenile Justice Training in America's Police Academies, [PDF]
    Strategies for Youth, February, 2013
    “Only 2 states’ written curricula included training on youth development issues, such as communication techniques with juveniles, understanding the problems adolescents face and recognizing the sources and triggers of their behavior.”
  • Adult and Juvenile Correctional Population Projections Fiscal Years 2013 to 2018, [PDF]
    State of Texas Legislative Budget Board, January, 2013
    “The Texas adult incarceration population is projected to remain relatively flat in fiscal years 2013 and 2014 and begin a gradual increase to reach 156,877 by the end of fiscal year 2018.”
  • Delinquency in Florida's Schools: An Eight-Year Study, [PDF]
    Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, January, 2013
    “While only representing 21% of the youth ages 10-17 in Florida, black males and females accounted for almost half (47%) of all school‐related arrests.”
  • Handcuffs on Success The Extreme School Discipline Crisis in Mississippi Public Schools, [PDF]
    Advancement Project, American Civil Liberties Union of Mississippi, Mississippi State Conference of the NAACP, Mississippi Coalition for the Prevention of Schoolhouse to Jailhouse, January, 2013
    “Extreme and destructive approaches to school discipline not only have directly harmed students and families, but also have caused teachers, law enforcement officials, and community members to have their lives and careers made more difficult.”
  • (New) Report of the Attorney General's National Task Force on Children Exposed to Violence, [PDF]
    Attorney General's National Task Force on Children Exposed to Violence, December, 2012
    “It is crucial that incarceration of juveniles not involve sanctions that subject them to additional violence, both to protect them from harm and to avoid teaching them by example that violence is an appropriate means to control other people’s behavior.”
  • Tracked and Trapped: Youth of Color, Gang Databases and Gang Injunctions, [PDF]
    Youth Justice Coalition RealSearch Actions Research Center, December, 2012
    “Currently 291,094 people across California are in the CalGang database. Of these, 94% are male, nearly 20% are African-American, and 66% are Latino.”
  • Violent Crime Against Youth, 1994-2010 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, December, 2012
    “The rate of serious violent crime against youth ages 12 to 17 involving weapons declined by 80% from 1994 to 2010, and the rate of serious violent crime involving serious injury decreased by 63%.”
  • ImplementIng Proven Programs For juvenile Offenders: Assessing State Progress, [PDF]
    Association for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice, December, 2012
    “All of the leading states identified at least one person to become fully informed about the available evidence-based practice options and made the time available for them to do this, including travel to operational sites and training in specific models.”
  • Who does the Massachusetts juvenile justice system serve? [PDF]
    Citizens for Juvenile Justice, December, 2012
    “The delinquency charging rates in Barnstable and Hampden counties are 2-3 times higher than some other counties, and roughly twice the statewide average. The charging rates in Bristol and Suffolk Counties are 8 and 6 times the state average.”
  • Reforming Juvenile Justice A Developmental Approach, [PDF]
    National Research Council, November, 2012
    “A harsh system of punishing troubled youth can make things worse, while a scientifically based juvenile justice system can make an enduring difference in the lives of many youth who most need the structure and services it can provide.”
  • "Picking up the Pieces": The Rights and Needs of Children and Families Affected by Imprisonment, [PDF]
    Irish Penal Reform Trust, November, 2012
    “Child impact statements would be one practical approach which would permit the voice of the child to be heard, as outlined under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), when considering putting a parent/parents into custody.”
  • Growing Up Locked Down Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisoner Across the United State, [PDF]
    Human Rights Watch and American Civil Liberties Union, October, 2012
    “HRW and ACLU estimate that in 2011, more than 95,000 youth were held in prisons and jails. A significant number of these facilities use solitary confinement to punish, protect, house, or treat some of the young people who are held there.”
  • Community Solutions for Youth in Trouble [PDF]
    Texas Criminal Justice Coalition, October, 2012
    “A 2012 survey of county juvenile probation chiefs in Texas found community-based programming to be the second-highest need for increased funding. Texas legislators should expand their investment in community programs.”
  • Improving the Juvenile Justice System for Girls Lessons from the States, [PDF]
    Georgetown Center on Poverty, Inequality, and Public Policy, October, 2012
    “The set of challenges that girls often face as they enter the juvenile justice system include trauma, violence, neglect, mental and physical problems, family conflict, pregnancy, residential and academic instability, and school failure.”
  • Measuring Change in New Jersey's Treatment of Young Offenders [PDF]
    Advocates for Children of New Jersey, October, 2012
    “n 2011, the state locked up nearly 7,000 fewer juveniles in one year than it did prior to JDAI implementation. On any given day, 446 fewer juveniles are spending time in a New Jersey detention center.”
  • California Youth Crime Plunges to All-Time Low
    Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, October, 2012
    “All categories of crime fell substantially among youths in 2011. Felony arrests were down 17%, both violent and property felonies were down 16%, misdemeanor and status offenses were down 21%, and homicide was down 26%.”
  • Families Unlocking Futures Solutions to the Crisis in Juvenile Justice, [PDF]
    Justice for Families, October, 2012
    “The primary problems are: (1) Incarceration doesn’t work, as evidenced by recidivism rates and a long record of chronic and shameful abuses; and (2) by and large, probation and other forms of risk management do not help youth succeed in the long-term.”
  • Girls' Experiences in the Texas Juvenile Justice System 2012 Survey Findings, [PDF]
    Texas Criminal Justice Coalition, October, 2012
    “46% of the surveyed girls report that the staff, programs, and treatment in county juvenile facilities did not help them deal with past trauma; an additional 4% said that county facilities actually did more harm than good in dealing with past trauma.”
  • Representing Girls in the Juvenile Justice System [PDF]
    North Carolina Office of the Juvenile Defender, August, 2012
    “In an effort to provide information to defense counsel, this document provides a compilation of research regarding girls in the juvenile justice system and suggests best practices and strategies for defense counsel representing girls.”
  • Performance Audit Report Evaluating the Kansas Juvenile Correctional Complex, Part I, [PDF]
    State of Kansas Legislative Division of Post Audit, July, 2012
    “Overall, the environment at KJCC has not been conducive to ensuring the safety and security of juvenile offenders and staff.”
  • Pioneers of Youth Justice Reform Achieving System Change Using Resolution, Reinvestment, and Realignment Strategies, [PDF]
    John Jay College of Criminal Justice, July, 2012
    “Incarcerated juveniles, especially those low in risk, tend to recidivate at higher rates than youth treated in their homes or communities... many youth courts place juveniles in state facilities for committing non-violent offenses/violating probation.”
  • Trends in Juvenile Justice State Legislation 2001-2011 [PDF]
    National Conference of State Legislatures, June, 2012
    “States are reevaluating their juvenile justice systems [to] produce better results for kids at lower cost. This has contributed to a state legislative trend to realign fiscal resources from state institutions toward more effective community-based services”
  • A Juvenile Justice Reprieve: California's 2012 Mid-Year Budget, [PDF]
    Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, May, 2012
    “Counties cannot continue to oppose both budget triggers which attempt to more realistically balance DJF fees, and juvenile justice realignment, which transitions away from an archaic and dysfunctional state system to build on county successes.”
  • Arrested Future The Criminalization of School Discipline in Massachusetts' Three Largest School Districts, [PDF]
    ACLU of Massachusetts, May, 2012
    “While there are undoubtedly many reasons why there are more public order arrests in Springfield than in Boston or Worcester, it appears that the manner in which Springfield deploys police officers in its public schools is a contributing factor.”
  • Juvenile Justice Alternative Edu. Programs Performance Assessment Report School Year 2010-2011, [PDF]
    Texas Juvenile Justice Department, May, 2012
    “The average passing rate for reading/ELA was 68.8% compared to 38.2% for math. The overall passing rates are up from 67.6% in reading/ELA and 34.5% for math in school year 2008-2009.”
  • Juvenile Court Statistics 2009 [PDF]
    National Center for Juvenile Justice, May, 2012
    “Between 1997 and 2009, the number of public order offense cases increased 1%, person offense cases and drug law violation cases decreased 13% and 12%, respec- tively, and property offense cases decreased 35%..”
  • Youth in Minnesota Correctional Facilities and the Effects of Trauma Responses to the 2010 Minnesota Students Survey, [PDF]
    Minnesota Department of Public Safety, March, 2012
    “[O]ver half of youth in correctional facilities report at least one form of trauma on the MSS (53%) compared to just over one-quarter of a matched sample of mainstream students (28%).”
  • Indicators Of School Crime And Safety, 2011 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, February, 2012
    “In 2009–10, about 74 percent of public schools recorded one or more violent incidents of crime, 16 percent recorded one or more serious violent incidents, and 44 percent recorded one or more thefts.”
  • Juvenile Justice Reform In Arkansas Building a Better Future for Youth, their Families, and the Community, [PDF]
    Arkansas Division of Youth Services, February, 2012
    “Almost all youth committed to DYS are non-violent offenders. During the first 3 quarters of FY 2008, more than 90% of all commitments were for non-violent offenses.”
  • The Education of DC How Washington D.C.'s investments in education can help increase public safety, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, February, 2012
    “This national trend is seen in D.C. as the funding for the justice system continues to increase at the expense of public education.”
  • Juvenile Arrests 2009 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, December, 2011
    “The number of juvenile violent crime arrests in 2009 was less than any year in the 1990s, and 14% less than the number of such arrests in 2006.”
  • You're an Adult Now Youth in Adult Criminal Justice Systems, [PDF]
    National Institute of Corrections, December, 2011
    “Youth transferred to the adult corrections system recidivate at a higher rate than those kept in the juvenile justice system.”
  • The Effects of Parental Incarceration on Children: Needs and Responsive Services, [PDF]
    Joint State Government Commission, General Assembly of Pennsylvania, December, 2011
    “In accordance with the HR 203 and SR 52, the present report focuses on ameliorative intervention, at mitigating the negative impacts of parental incarceration on children, and assisting these children in becoming healthy, productive and responsible adults”
  • Education Under Arrest The Case Against Police in Schools, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, November, 2011
    “[School resource officers] and law enforcement in schools are not needed to keep kids safe, especially when youth pay the price of becoming involved in the juvenile justice system and suffer a lifetime of negative effects as a result.”
  • Arrests Effected by SSA or Officers assigned to School Safety Division [PDF]
    New York City Police Department, October, 2011
  • No Place for Kids The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration, [PDF]
    Annie E. Casey Foundation, October, 2011
    “The time has come for states to embrace a [...] different orientation to treating adolescent offenders—an approach grounded in evidence that promises to be far more humane, cost-effective, & protective of public safety than [juvenile incarceration].”
  • Juvenile Court Statistics 2008 [PDF]
    US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, July, 2011
    “Drug offense case rates increased dramatically for all age groups between 1991 and 1998: 229% for juveniles ages 10–12, 165% for youth ages 13–15, 146% for 16-year-olds, and 148% for 17-year-olds.”
  • Misguided Measures The Outcomes and Impacts of Measure 11 on Oregon's Youth, [PDF]
    Partnership for Safety and Justice, July, 2011
    “Over the three-year period from 2006 to 2008, data from the 36 Oregon counties show no discernible pattern between the number of young people charged with a Measure 11 offense and the juvenile crime rate.”
  • Tribal Youth in the Federal Justice System [PDF]
    Urban Institute, Justice Policy Center, May, 2011
    “Tribal youth represented about 40-55% of all juveniles in the federal system, depending on the stage in the system.”
  • Collecting DNA from Juveniles [PDF]
    Urban Institute, Justice Policy Center, April, 2011
    “The lack of data about the number and characteristics of juveniles with profiles in CODIS limits the ability of policymakers and researchers to understand the ramifications of collecting DNA from juveniles.”
  • The Lives of Juvenile Lifers: Findings from a National Survey, [PDF]
    Sentencing Project, March, 2011
    “The proportion of African Americans serving JLWOP sentences for the killing of a white person (43.4%) is nearly twice the rate at which African American juveniles are arrested for taking a white person’s life (23.2%).”
  • Law Enforcement Officers in Wake County Schools: The Human, Educational, and Financial Costs, [PDF]
    Advocates for Children's Services, Legal Aid of North Carolina, February, 2011
    (This report examines the effects of the proliferation of police officers in Wake County, NC (Raleigh area) public schools.)
  • Children on the Outside Voicing the Pain and Human Costs of Parental Incarceration, [PDF]
    Justice Strategies, January, 2011
    “Too often, society dismisses the children of incarcerated parents as future liabilities to public safety while overlooking opportunities to address the pain and trauma with which these children struggle.”
  • Think Before You Plea Juvenile Collateral Consequences in the United States (A guide to 50 states), [Website]
    American Bar Association, 2011
    (State-by-state analysis of the procedures and consequences of the juvenile justice system.)
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis of Raising the Age of Juvenile Jurisdiction in North [PDF]
    Vera Institute of Justice, 2011
    “Raising the age of juvenile jurisdiction from 16 to 18 for alleged misdemeanants and low- level felons will generate $52.3 million in net benefits, per annual cohort of youth aged 16 and 17, from the combined perspectives of taxpayers, victims, and youth.”
  • Falling Through the Cracks A New Look at Ohio Youth in the Adult Criminal Justice System, [PDF]
    Children's Law Center, Inc., 2011
    “Ohio must begin to shift direction with regard to youth in the adult criminal justice system and move toward a more humane, research-driven approach to these youth.”
  • Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2010 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, December, 2010
    “In 2008, among students 12-18, there were about 1.2 million victims of nonfatal crimes at school, including 619,000 thefts and 629,800 violent crimes.”
  • Texas' School-to-Prison Pipeline Ticketing, Arrest & Use of Force in Schools, [PDF]
    Texas Appleseed, December, 2010
    “Where a child attends school, and not the nature of the offense, is the great determining factor in whether a student will be arrested at school.”
  • No Better Off An Update on Swanson Center for Youth, [PDF]
    Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana, November, 2010
    “Lack or programming in the facility and on overreliance on lockdown result in youth's being "warehoused" at Swanson, rather than developing meaningful skills that would allow for successful transitions upon release.”
  • Hot Spots of Juvenile Crime Findings From Seattle, [PDF]
    US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, October, 2010
    “Juvenile crime was concentrated in public and commercial areas where youth gather—schools, youth centers, shops, malls, and restaurants—rather than residential areas.”
  • Healing Invisible Wounds Why Investing in Trauma-Informed Care for Children Makes Sense, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, July, 2010
    “Joseph Tulman between 75 and 93 percent of youth entering the juvenile justice system annually in this country have experienced some degree of trauma.”
  • Sexual Victimization in Juvenile Facilities Reported by Youth, 2008-09 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, January, 2010
    “The report provides national-level and facility-level estimates of sexual victimization by type of activity, including youth-on-youth sexual contact, staff sexual misconduct, and level of coercion.”
  • Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2009 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, December, 2009
    “This annual report examines crime occurring in school as well as on the way to and from school. It... provides the most current detailed statistical information on the nature of crime in schools and school environments and responses to violence and crime.”
  • Back on Track Supporting Youth Reentry from Out-of-Home Placement to the Community, [PDF]
    Sentencing Project, November, 2009
    “Presents promising practices and recommendations for federal leadership on youth reentry.”
  • Until They Die A Natural Death Youth Sentenced to Life Without Parole in Massachusetts, [PDF]
    Children's Law Center of Massachusetts, September, 2009
    “Massachusetts [...] stands apart in giving the adult court exclusive jurisdiction over murder cases against children as young as 14 and then imposing a mandatory life without parole sentence for all first degree murder convictions.”
  • The Costs of Confinement Why Good Juvenile Justice Policies Make Good Fiscal Sense, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, May, 2009
    (Cost of Confinement shows that states spend billions to imprison youth in secure facilities, but could save money, preserve public safety, and improve life outcomes for individual youth by redirecting the money to community-based alternatives.)
  • Juvenile Suicide in Confinement A National Survey, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, February, 2009
    “Almost half (48.1 percent) the suicides occurred in facilities administered by state agencies, 39.2 percent took place in county facilities, and 12.7 percent occurred in private programs.”
  • Registering Harm How Sex Offense Registries Fail Youth Communities, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, November, 2008
    “Continued investments in registries put our families in danger with short-sighted policies that alienate people who are trying to safely re-enter the community.”
    (See also the Wash Act Briefing Book here: http://www.justicepolicy.org/content-hmID=1811&smID=1581&ssmID=80.htm)
  • A Call to Action for Juvenile Justice [PDF]
    American Bar Association, October, 2008
    “Juvenile justice advocates' transition document offers suggestions to the new admininstration.”
  • Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, August, 2008
    “Parents held in the nation’s prisons—52% of state inmates and 63% of federal inmates—reported having an estimated 1,706,600 minor children, accounting for 2.3% of the U.S. resident population under age 18.”
  • Sexual Violence Reported by Juvenile Correctional Authorities, 2005-06 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, July, 2008
    “Sexual misconduct involving staff-on-youth accounted for 28 percent of all substantiated incidents, while staff sexual harassment of youth accounted for 8 percent.”
    (Males were more likely to be victims of youth-on-youth sexual violence (73%) than victims of staff sexual violence (49%). Females were more likely to be victims of staff sexual violence (51%) than victims of youth-on-youth sexual violence (27%).)
  • Kids Count 2008 Data Book, [PDF]
    The Annie E. Casey Foundation, June, 2008
    “[In 2006] the ratio of rates of youth of color to white youth in custody was 3:1; and two out of three (66 percent) of all youth in custody were there due to a non-violent offense.”
  • Understanding the Experiences and Needs of Children of Incarcerated Parents Views from Mentors, [PDF]
    Urban Institute, Justice Policy Center, February, 2008
    “Stigma and shame represented an experience shared by most children of incarcerated parents that distinguished them from other at-risk peers.”
  • "When I Die, They'll Send Me Home" Youth Sentenced to Life without Parole in California, [PDF]
    Human Rights Watch, January, 2008
    “African American youth arrested for murder are sentenced to life without parole in California at a rate that is 5.83 times that of white youth arrested for murder.”
  • Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2007 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, December, 2007
    “In 2005, 10 percent of male students in grades 9–12 reported being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property in the past year, compared to 6 percent of female students.”
  • Cruel and Unusual: Sentencing 13- and 14-Year-Old Children to Die in Prison, [PDF]
    Equal Justice Initiative, November, 2007
    “In many states, 13- and 14-year-olds are subjected to the harshest possible prison sentence... In most of these cases, the judges who imposed death in prison sentences on young children had no other legal option.”
  • Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America, [PDF]
    Campaign for Youth Justice, November, 2007
    “The report “Jailing Juveniles” shows how difficult is it to keep children safe in adult jails. In fact, youth have the highest suicide rates of all inmates in jails... Youth in adult jails are also at great risk of physical and sexual assault.”
  • Real Impacts: The actual results of Rhode Island's new policy that charges 17-year-olds as adults, [PDF]
    Rhode Island Family Life Center, October, 2007
    “[A]lthough it was not an explicit intention of the bill, one of the most important outcomes is that these juveniles will now have adult records, seriously limiting them as they become adults.”
  • America's Cradle to Prison Pipeline [PDF]
    Children's Defense Fund, October, 2007
    “A Black boy born in 2001 has a 1 in 3 chance of going to prison in his lifetime; a Latino boy a 1 in 6 chance; and a White boy a 1 in 17 chance.”
  • Sixth Semi-Annual Report of the Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections [PDF]
    Arizona Consultants Committee, September, 2007
    (Sixth semi-annual report of the Consultants Committee prepared pursuant to Section III F(5) of the Memorandum of Agreement between the US Dept. of Justice and the State of Arizona, regarding compliance with the MOA provisions.)
  • Evidence-Based Juvenile Offender Programs: Program Description, Quality Assurance, and Cost,
    Washington State Institute for Public Policy, June, 2007
    “Six juvenile offender programs identified by Institute as evidence-based are profiled through program descriptions, quality assurance information, and cost-benefit figures.”
  • Juvenile Court Statistics 2003-2004
    National Center for Juvenile Justice, March, 2007
    “This Report describes delinquency cases handled between 1985 and 2004 by U.S. courts with juvenile jurisdiction and status offense cases handled between 1995 and 2004.”
  • The Consequences Aren't Minor: The Impact of Trying Youth as Adults and Strategies for Reform, [PDF]
    Campaign for Youth Justice, March, 2007
    “Despite the data, surveys report that the public believes the juvenile crime rate is increasing and that youth account for a large proportion of overall crime. In reality, national statistics show that more than 80% of all crimes are committed by adults.”
  • Attitudes of US Voters toward Youth Crime and the Justice System [PDF]
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, February, 2007
    “Approximately 7 in 10 feel that putting youth under age 18 in adult correctional facilities makes them more likely to commit future crime.”
  • And Justice for Some: Differential Treatment of Youth of Color in the Justice System, [PDF]
    The National Council on Crime and Delinquency, January, 2007
    “This report details the accumulated disadvantage for youth of color as they move through the juvenile justice system and, too often, into the adult system.”
  • Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2006 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics and National Center for Education Statistics, December, 2006
    “The percentage of public schools experiencing one or more violent incidents increased between the 1999-2000 and 2003-04 school years, from 71 to 81 percent.”
  • Models for Change: Building Momentum for Juvenile Justice Reform,
    Justice Policy Institute, December, 2006
    “This brief tells the story of how the four Models for Change states -- Pennsylvania, Illinois, Louisiana, and Washington -- are already moving to reform and reshape their own state juvenile justice systems.”
  • The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities,
    Justice Policy Institute, November, 2006
    “[I]ncarcerated youth have higher recidivism rates than youth supervised in other kinds of settings.”
  • California Youth Crime Declines: The Untold Story, [PDF]
    Center on Juvenile & Criminal Justice, September, 2006
    “Juvenile crime rates in California are at 30-year lows.”
  • Custody and Control Conditions of Confinement in New York's Juvenile Prisons for Girls,
    Human Rights Watch, September, 2006
    “[G]irls experience abusive physical restraints and other forms of abuse and neglect, and are denied the mental health, educational, and other rehabilitative services they need.”
  • Do you know where the children are? A Report of Massachusetts Youth Unlawfully Held Without Bail,
    Barbara Fedders and Barbara Kaban, September, 2006
  • An Analysis of Racial Disproportionality in Juvenile Confinement An Analysis of Disproportionate Minority Confinement in the Hennepin County Juvenile Detention Center, [PDF]
    Council on Crime and Justice, August, 2006
    “The major findings show that all nine police departments studied refer a disproportionate number of minority juveniles to the JDC.”
  • Testing Incapacitation Theory: Youth Crime and Incarceration in California, [PDF]
    Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, July, 2006
    “Between 1980 and 2004, the rate of juvenile incarceration in California fell by nearly 50 percent.”
  • Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2002: Selected Findings, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, June, 2006
    “13% of facilities did not have an in-house mental health professional evaluate youth.”
  • Stopping Sexual Assaults in Juvenile Corrections Facilities: A Case Study of the California Division of Juvenile Justice, [PDF]
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, June, 2006
    “Unchecked violence and sexual assault in juvenile facilities will lead to more tragedies and victims in the community.”
    (Barry Krisberg, Ph.D.'s Testimony Before the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission)
  • Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report,
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, June, 2006
    “[D]raws on reliable data and relevant research to provide a comprehensive and insightful view of juvenile crime across the nation.”
  • Treated Like Trash: Juvenile Detention in New Orleans Before, During, and After Hurricane Katrina, [PDF]
    Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana, May, 2006
    “In their own words, a harrowing tale of escape, mismanagement and neglect unfolds, illustrating deep problems in New Orleans' system of juvenile justice and how we treat children in New Orleans.”
  • Youth Under Age 18 in the Adult Criminal Justice System [PDF]
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, May, 2006
    “Youth held in adult facilities are more likely to recidivate than similar offenders.”
  • The Juvenile Offender Study: A Retrospective Examination of Youth Offenders, [PDF]
    Council on Crime and Justice, April, 2006
    “This study was undertaken to identify and examine interventions with juvenile offenders whose criminal behavior continued into adulthood.”
  • Hidden Challenges: Juvenile Justice and Education Issues Affecting Asian and Pacific Islander (API) Youth in Richmond, California, [PDF]
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, March, 2006
    “The intent of [this] report is to provide a detailed assessment of the status of Southeast Asian youth in Richmond. To this end, the report contains data from the areas of juvenile justice and education, with relevant demographic data provided for context”
  • Cost-Effective Youth Corrections Rationalizing the Fiscal Architecture of Juvenile Justice Systems, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, March, 2006
    “The experience of secure confinement can change the kind of routine law-breaking that is often part of adolescence into a stable pattern that, unfortunately, endures over time. States are actually paying additional money to generate worse outcomes.”
  • The Rest of Their Lives: Life without Parole for Child Offenders in the United States,
    Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, October, 2005
    “there are currently at least 2,225 people incarcerated in the United States who have been sentenced to spend the rest of their lives in prison for crimes they committed as children”
  • No Turning Back: Promising Approaches to Reducing Racial and Ethnic Disparities Affecting Youth of Color in the Justice System, [PDF]
    Building Blocks for Youth, October, 2005
  • Restructuring Juvenile Corrections in California: A Report to the State Legislature, [PDF]
    Center on Juvenile & Criminal Justice, September, 2005
    “This report... present[s] research findings showing how structural changes require closing structurally outdated large correctional institutions in favor of smaller county or regionally based facilities.”
  • The Economics of Juvenile Jurisdiction [PDF]
    Urban Institute, September, 2005
  • Juvenile Victimization and Offending, 1993-2003 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, August, 2005
  • Reforming Juvenile Detention in Florida [PDF]
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, August, 2005
    (Current conditions and proposed alternatives for the Florida juvenile detention system.)
  • A Look At The Impact Schools [PDF]
    Drum Major Institute, June, 2005
    “...the Impact Schools initiative has brought increased police and security presence into 22 New York City middle and high schools...”
    (The report shows that low income, over-crowding and race are as characteristic of the schools as their crime-rates.)
  • Implementation and Outcome Evaluation of the Intensive Aftercare Program Final Report,
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, May, 2005
    (The report assesses the implementation and effectiveness of IAP - deigned to reduce recidivism among high-risk juvenile parolees, it failed.)
  • Root Causes and Solutions to Disparities for Hispanics/Latinos in the Juvenile Justice System, [PDF]
    Council on Crime and Justice, May, 2005
    “Statistical analysis indicated that Hispanic/Latino youth were over represented in the juvenile system by 227% in 1990 and by 92% in 2000.”
  • First Semi-Annual Report [PDF]
    Arizona Department Of Juvenile Corrections - Consultant's Committee, March, 2005
    (Results of a CRIPA investigation into conditions in Arizona's juvenile correctional facilities.)
  • California Youth Authority Warehouses: Failing Kids, Families & Public Safety, [PDF]
    Books Not Bars and the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, March, 2005
  • Education on Lockdown: The Schoolhouse to Jailhouse Track, [PDF]
    Advancement Project, March, 2005
    “Examination of the emergence of zero tolerance school discipline policies and how these policies have pushed students away from an academic track to a future in the juvenile justice system.”
  • Community Based Management Pilot Programs for Youth with Mental Illness... Program Evaluation Report: Year Three,
    Colorado Department of Public Safety, January, 2005
    (Scroll down to this report.)
  • Accountability Audit: Review of Audits of the California Youth Authority, 2000-2003, [PDF]
    California Office of the Inspector, January, 2005
  • Youth Court: A Community Solution for Embracing At-Risk Youth--A National Update, [PDF]
    The American Youth Policy Forum, 2005
  • Childhood on Trial The Failure of Trying and Sentencing Youth in Adult Criminal Court, [PDF]
    Coalition for Juvenile Justice, 2005
    “Overview of report that identifies the public safety and rehabilitative failures of our nation's widespread”
  • Juvenile Court Statistics 2000 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, December, 2004
  • Washington State's Family Integrated Transitions Program for Juvenile Offenders: Outcome Evaluation and Benefit-Cost Analysis, [PDF]
    Washington State Institute for Public Policy, December, 2004
  • Trends in the Murder of Juveniles: 1980-2000 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, September, 2004
  • Juvenile Arrests 2002 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, September, 2004
  • Washington's Juvenile Basic Training Camp: Outcome Evaluation, [PDF]
    Washington State Institute for Public Policy, August, 2004
  • Benefits and Costs of Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Youth
    Washington State Institute for Public Policy, July, 2004
    “[S]ome prevention and early intervention programs for youth can give taxpayers a good return on their dollar.”
  • Juvenile Justice in Florida: What Kind of Future?, [PDF]
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, March, 2004
    “The National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) conducted a study to determine the potential benefits to Florida of adopting a data-driven approach to juvenile corrections that is based on the best national research.”
  • Reforming Juvenile Justice Through Comprehensive Community Planning [PDF]
    National Council on Crime and Delinquency, March, 2004
    “The experience [with Comprehensive Community Planning] suggests that there are productive ways in which the federal government can interact with and assist local initiatives.”
  • The Dimensions, Pathways, and Consequences of Youth Reentry [PDF]
    Urban Institute, January, 2004
    “Because young people in their teens and early twenties undergo considerable physical, mental, and emotional changes, the process and experience of youth reentry may fundamentally differ from what adults face.”
  • Juvenile Arrests, 2001 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, December, 2003
    (juvenile crime drop continues, 7th year in a row)
  • Juvenile Crime in Washington, D.C. [PDF]
    Urban Institute, December, 2003
  • Maine: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center, October, 2003
  • Pennsylvania: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center, October, 2003
  • Washington: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center, October, 2003
  • North Carolina: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center, October, 2003
  • Montana An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center, October, 2003
  • Maryland: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center, October, 2003
  • Correctional Boot Camps: Lessons from a Decade of Research, [PDF]
    National Institute of Justice, June, 2003
  • Juveniles in Court
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, June, 2003
  • Disproportionate Minority Confinement In Massachusetts: Failures in Assessing and Addressing Overrepresentation of Minorities in the Massachusetts Juvenile Justice System, [PDF]
    American Civil Liberties Union, June, 2003
  • Juvenile Court Statistics 1999 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, June, 2003
  • Derailed: The Schoolhouse to Jailhouse Track, [PDF]
    Advancement Project, May, 2003
    “how zero-tolerance policies are derailing students from an academic track in schools to a future in the juvenile justice system”
    (it's a huge (13MB) PDF file)
  • Juvenile Felony Defendants in Criminal Courts: Survey of 40 Counties, 1998, [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, May, 2003
  • Youth Victimization: Prevalence and Implications, [PDF]
    National Institute of Justice, April, 2003
    “youth victimization is clearly linked to mental health problems and delinquent behavior. Results are analyzed across gender and race/ethnicity and translated into national estimates”
  • Justice Cut Short: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings in Ohio, [PDF]
    American Bar Association, March, 2003
  • Juveniles' Competence to Stand Trial: A Comparison of Adolescents' and Adults' Capacities as Trial Defendants, [PDF]
    MacArthur Foundation, February, 2003
  • Unintended Consequences: The Impact of 'zero tolerance' and other exclusionary policies on Kentucky students, [PDF]
    Building Blocks for Youth, February, 2003
  • Juvenile Arrests: 2000 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January, 2003
    “6 straight years of a decline in arrests of juveniles for violent crimes”
  • Violent Victimization as a Risk Factor for Violent Offending Among Juveniles, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January, 2003
  • Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2000: Selected Findings, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January, 2003
  • Unlocking the Future: Detention Reform in the Juvenile Justice System, [PDF]
    Coalition for Juvenile Justice; Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2003
    “Juvenile court jurisdictions... needlessly sweep into locked detention many young people with mental health, substance abuse and family problems - most of whom are 15 years or younger, nonviolent, and disproportionately youth of color.”
  • Virginia: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings,
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and the Mid-Atlantic Juvenile Defender Center, October, 2002
  • On The Level: Disproportionate Minority Contact in Minnesota's Juvenile Justice System, [PDF]
    Minnesota Department of Public Safety, October, 2002
    “African American youth, who comprise just 8% of the youth population White but are 34% of juvenile delinquency arrests. On a smaller scale, American Indian youth are 2% of the youth population but account for 4% of juvenile delinquency arrests.”
  • Kentucky-Advancing Justice: An Assessment of Access to Counsel in Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and the Children's Law Center, September, 2002
  • Aftercare as afterthought: Re-entry and the California Youth Authority, [PDF]
    Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, August, 2002
  • ¿Dónde Está la Justicia? A Call to Action on behalf of Latino and Latina Youth in the U.S. Justice System (English Version), [PDF]
    Building Blocks for Youth, July, 2002
    (Available in English and Spanish)
  • ¿Dónde Está la Justicia? Un llamado a la acción a favor de los jóvenes latinos en el sistema de justicia de los EE.UU. (Spanish), [PDF]
    Building Blocks for Youth, July, 2002
  • Burglary Cases in Juvenile Court 1989-1998, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, May, 2002
  • OJJDP Statistical Briefing Book
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, April, 2002
    “frequently updated”
    (provides basic information on juvenile crime and victimization and on youth involved in the juvenile justice system. Data in the six topics (left menu) provide ... statistical answers to the most frequently asked questions)
  • Juvenile Offenders in Residential Placement: 1997-1999, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March, 2002
    “There were 108,931 juvenile offenders in residential placement on October 27, 1999”
  • Juvenile Court Placement of Adjudicated Youth 1989-1998, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March, 2002
  • The Rise and Fall of American Youth Violence: 1980 to 2000,
    Urban Institute, March, 2002
  • Robbery Cases in Juvenile Court 1989-1998, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March, 2002
  • National Youth Gang Survey Trends from 1996 to 2000, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March, 2002
  • Highlights of the 2000 National Youth Gang Survey [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, March, 2002
  • A Preliminary Cost Analysis Of Alameda County Juvenile Detention Expansion
    Justice Policy Institute, January, 2002
    (California)
  • Detention in Delinquency Cases, 1989-1998 [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January, 2002
  • Juvenile Transfer to Criminal Court: Final Report, [PDF]
    Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, January, 2002
    (see summary with graphs at http://sentencingproject.org/pdfs/2083.pdf)
  • Youth, Guns, and the Juvenile Justice System [PDF]
    Urban Institute, January, 2002
  • Lost Opportunities: Our Children Are Not Rehabilitated When They Are Treated And Incarcerated As Adults, [PDF]
    Roslyn M. Satchel, Southern Center for Human Rights, 2002
  • Schools and Suspensions Self-Reported Crime and the Growing Use of Suspensions, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, September, 2001
    “Students Report School Crime at Same Level as 1970s, But Use of Suspension Doubles”
  • Georgia: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings,
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and the Southern Center for Human Rights, August, 2001
  • The Children Left Behind: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings in Louisiana, [PDF]
    American Bar Association Juvenile Justice Center and Juvenile Justice Project of Louisiana, June, 2001
  • Justice by Gender: The Lack of Appropriate Prevention, Diversion and Treatment Alternatives for Girls in the Juvenile Justice System, [PDF]
    American Bar Association, May, 2001
  • Off Balance: Youth, Race & Crime in the News [PDF]
    Building Blocks for Youth, April, 2001
  • Selling Justice Short: Juvenile Indigent Defense in Texas, [PDF]
    Texas Appleseed, October, 2000
  • Youth Crime/Adult Time: Is Justice Served?, [PDF]
    Building Blocks for Youth, October, 2000
  • Incarcerated Parents and Their Children [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, August, 2000
    “Almost 1.5 million minor children have a mother or father in prison”
  • Opportunities Suspended: The Devastating Consequences of Zero Tolerance and School Discipline Policies, [PDF]
    Advancement Project & Harvard Civil Rights Project, June, 2000
    “The report illustrates that Zero Tolerance is unfair, is contrary to the developmental needs of children, denies children educational opportunities, and often results in the criminalization of children.”
  • Profile of State Prisoners under Age 18, 1985-97 [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, February, 2000
    “The number of people under 18 sent to adult State prisons more than doubled between 1985 and 1997”
  • Prosecuting Juveniles in Adult Court An Assessment of Trends and Consequences, [PDF]
    Sentencing Project, January, 2000
  • No Minor Matter: Children in Maryland's Jails,
    Human Rights Watch, November, 1999
  • The Florida Experiment: An Analysis of the Practice of Sending Kids to Adult court., [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, September, 1999
  • Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report, [Website]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, September, 1999
  • Critical Choices: New Options in Juvenile Crime Policy, [PDF]
    Sentencing Project, February, 1999
  • Crime and Justice Atlas 1999 Update, [PDF]
    U.S. Department of Justice, 1999
    “Since 1980, the numbers of prisoners, new court commitments, and releases from state prisons have risen by a yearly average of 8.1 %, 5.5%, and 7.9%, respectively.”
  • Juvenile Felony Defendants in Criminal Courts [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, September, 1998
  • The Impact of Juvenile Curfew Laws in California [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, June, 1998
  • The Will of the People The Public's Opinion of the Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Act of 1997, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, March, 1998
  • Runaway Juvenile Crime?: The Context of Juvenile Crime Arrests,
    Justice Policy Institute, March, 1998
    (Special release version just after the Jonesboro shootings)
  • Beyond the Walls: Improving Conditions of Confinement for Youth in Custody, [PDF]
    Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, January, 1998
  • Juvenile Justice and Disproportionality: Patterns of Minority Over-Representation in Washington's Juvenile Justice System, [PDF]
    State of Washington Sentencing Guidelines Commission, December, 1997
  • The Pods of Elmore County A glimpse into the rhetoric behind the juvenile crime bill, [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, September, 1997
  • High Country Lockup: Children in Confinement in Colorado,
    Human Rights Watch, September, 1997
  • More Than Meets the Eye: Rethinking Assessment, Competency and Sentencing for a Harsher Era of Juvenile Justice,
    American Bar Association, August, 1997
  • The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated With Adults [PDF]
    Justice Policy Institute, July, 1997
  • Juveniles Prosecuted in State Criminal Court [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, March, 1997
  • Juvenile Delinquents in the Federal Criminal Justice System [PDF]
    Bureau of Justice Statistics, February, 1997
  • A Call for Justice: An Assessment of Access to Counsel and Quality of Representation in Delinquency Proceedings, [PDF]
    American Bar Association, December, 1995
  • Children in Confinement in Louisiana
    Human Rights Watch, October, 1995

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