Police
- Arrests Effected by SSA or Officers assigned to School Safety Division [PDF] New York City Police Department. October, 2011.
- Contacts between Police and the Public, 2008 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. October, 2011. "Black drivers were about three times as likely as white drivers and about two times as likely as Hispanic drivers to be searched during a traffic stop."
- Census Of State And Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2008 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. July, 2011. "From 2004 to 2008, state and local law enforcement agencies added about 9,500 more full-time sworn personnel than during the previous 4-year period."
- Tribal Law Enforcement, 2008 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. June, 2011. "Eleven of the 25 largest tribal law enforcement agencies served jurisdictions covering more than 1,000 square miles."
- Approaches to reducing both imprisonment and crime [PDF] Criminology & Public Policy. February, 2011. "It may well be that more and stronger policing is the best way to use [...] resources, but that case is far less clear than the desirability of reducing severity."
- Coproduction in deterring crime [PDF] Criminology & Public Policy. February, 2011. "Thus, private action combines with public law enforcement resources to coproduce crime control. If the goal were to enhance the deterrence effect, then it would pay to consider ways to encourage private inputs into crime control."
- More police, less prison, less crime? From peel to popper The case for more scientific policing, [PDF] Criminology & Public Policy. February, 2011. "[P]olicing, faced with the prospect of 25% cuts, has no choice but to change, and an evidence-based, cost-effective future is considerably more attractive than retreating into a “core policing” of responding to emergencies and critical incidents only."
- Local Police Departments, 2007 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. December, 2010. "In 2007, 75% of local police officers were employed by departments that autho- rized the use of conducted energy devices such as Tasers, compared to 47% in 2003"
- Gang Units In Large Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2007 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. October, 2010. "Of the 337 gang units that reported their year of establishment, 35% were formed between 2004 and 2007. The year 2006 marked the peak of gang unit formation with 43 new units created."
- Aviation Units in Large Law Enforcement Agencies, 2007 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. July, 2009. "In 2007, 92% of aviation units engaged in vehicle pursuits. Almost 90% of units performed counternarcotics missions, and about 80% conducted counterterrorism missions. Nearly 70% of units engaged in firefighting activities"
- State and Local Law Enforcement Training Academies, 2006 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. February, 2009. "Of an estimated 57,000 recruits who entered basic training programs during 2005, 86% or 49,000, successfully completed their program and graduated from the academy."
- Campus Law Enforcement, 2004-05 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. February, 2008. "Three-quarters of campus law enforcement agencies used sworn officers with full arrest powers."
- Arrest-Related Deaths in the United States, 2003-2005 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. October, 2007. "Three-quarters of the law enforcement homicides reported to DCRP involved arrests for a violent crime. Public-order offenders accounted for 8% of homicides, followed by property (4%) and drug offenders (2%)."
- Contacts between Police and the Public, 2005 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. April, 2007. "In 2005 police searched 9.5 percent of stopped blacks and 8.8 percent of stopped Hispanics, compared to 3.6 percent of white motorists."
- Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2004 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. August, 2006. "Women accounted for 16% of Federal officers in 2004. A third of Federal officers were members of a racial or ethnic minority in 2004. This included 17.7% who were Hispanic and Latino, and 11.4% who were black or African American."
- Characteristics of Drivers Stopped by Police, 2002 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. June, 2006. "Among traffic stops of young male drivers in 2002, 11% were physically searched or had their vehicle searched by police. Among these young male drivers who were stopped, blacks (22%) and Hispanics (17%) were searched at higher rates than whites (8%)."
- Citizen Complaints about Police Use of Force [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. June, 2006. "Large State and local law enforcement agencies... received more than 26,000 citizen complaints about officer use of force during 2002. This total figure resulted in [an] overall rate[] 6.6 complaints per 100 full-time sworn officers."
- Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2004 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. June, 2006. "Although local police employment was up slightly nationwide from 2000 to 2004, 20 of the nation’s 50 largest local police departments saw a decline in sworn personnel during this period, including 6 of the 7 largest."
- Local Police Departments, 2003 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. May, 2006.
- Sheriffs' Offices, 2003 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. May, 2006.
- Traffic Stop Audit Project An Institutional Ethnography of Traffic Stop Policy and Practice in the Minneapolis Police Department, [PDF] Council on Crime and Justice. April, 2006. "The distinction between traffic law enforcement stops (e.g. speeding) and investigative stops is often blurred. Law enforcement stops are often made for investigative purposes rather than expressed criminal intent."
- Report to the Legislature of the State of Illinois: The Illinois Pilot Program on Sequential Double-Blind Identification Procedures, [PDF] Illinois State Police. March, 2006. "The data collected shows that the sequential double-blind method led to a lower rate of suspect identifications as well as a higher rate of known false errors."
- Stress Among Probation and Parole Officers and What Can Be Done About It [PDF] National Institute of Justice. June, 2005.
- Contacts between Police and the Public: Findings from the 2002 National Survey, [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. April, 2005.
- Low Level Offenses in Minneapolis: An Analysis of Arrests and their Outcomes, [PDF] Council on Crime and Justice. October, 2004. (The diperate treatment of Black and White people is greater at the hand of the police than in the courts.)
- Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 2000: Data for Individual State and Local Agencies with 100 or More Officers, [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. April, 2004.
- Minnesota Statewide Racial Profiling Study [PDF] Council on Crime and Justice. September, 2003. "Results show that law enforcement officers stopped and searched Black, Latino, and American Indian drivers at greater rates than White drivers, yet found contraband on Blacks, Latinos, and American Indians at lower rates than in searches of White drivers."
- Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2002 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. August, 2003.
- Sheriffs' Offices 2000 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. January, 2003.
- Tribal Law Enforcement, 2000 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. January, 2003.
- Local Police Departments 2000 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. January, 2003.
- Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 2000 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. October, 2002.
- Police Departments in Large Cities, 1990-2000 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. May, 2002. (Police per capita up 7% over the decade)
- Characteristics of Drivers Stopped by Police, 1999 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. March, 2002. "Approximately 422,000 persons age 16 or older said the police used or threatened to use force against them at least once during 1999."
- Profiles in Injustice: Why Racial Profiling Cannot Work, Reports and Research Page, [Website] Professor David A. Harris. 2002. (This page is a companion to book of the same name)
- Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, 2000 [PDF] Federal Bureau of Investigation. November, 2001.
- Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2000 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. July, 2001.
- Sheriffs' Offices 1999 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. May, 2001.
- Local Police Departments, 1999 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. May, 2001.
- Policing and Homicide, 1976-98: Justifiable Homicide of Felons by Police and Murder of Police by Felons, [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. March, 2001.
- Contacts between Police and the Public: Findings from the 1999 National Survey, [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. March, 2001. (In 1999 an estimated 43.8 million persons age 16 or older had least one face-to-face contact with a police officer.)
- Community Policing in Local Police Departments, 1997 and 1999 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. February, 2001. (changes in the prevalence of community oriented policing policies)
- Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 1998 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. March, 2000. "Number of Federal law enforcement officers grew 11 percent in two years"
- Use of Force By Police: Overview of National and Local Data, [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. October, 1999.
- Local Police Departments, 1997 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. October, 1999. (personnel increases in local police departments)
- Sheriffs' Departments, 1997 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. October, 1999. "personnel increases in local sheriff's departments"
- Shielded from Justice: Police Brutality and Accountability in the United States, Human Rights Watch. July, 1998.
- Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies, 1996 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. June, 1998.
- Police Use of Force [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. November, 1997.
- Campus Law Enforcement Agencies, 1995 [PDF] Bureau of Justice Statistics. December, 1996. (600 agencies at 4-year schools with 2,500+ students)
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