Research Library

Our mission is to empower activists, journalists, and policymakers to shape effective criminal justice policy, so we go beyond our original reports and analyses to curate a database of virtually all the empirical criminal justice research available online.

Tips: If you know what you are looking for, you may also search the database. We also have an email newsletter (at right)(at bottom) for new research library updates.

  • COVID-19 (82) Research on the pandemic’s impact on prisons and jails
  • Community impact (119) Research on the impact of the criminal legal system on housing, schools, employment, neighborhoods, and more
  • Conditions of confinement (289) Research on prison and jail conditions such as solitary confinement, labor, discipline, food, and more
  • Courts and trials (179) Research on prosecutors, judges, public defense, court caseloads, and more
  • Crime (289) Curated research on crime, crime rates, and victimization
  • Death penalty (156) Information and data on capital punishment and executions
  • Disability (34) Research on the prevalence of, and challenges faced by, people with disabilities in the criminal legal system
  • Drug policy and treatment (186) Research on punishing and treating drug use in the criminal legal system
  • Economics of incarceration (188) Research on the economic drivers and consequences of mass incarceration
  • Education (135) Curated research on education programs in prisons and the school-to-prison pipeline
  • Families (161) Information and data on the criminal legal system’s impacts on families
  • Felony disenfranchisement and voting rights (94) Information about laws barring people from the polls because of criminal convictions
  • General (173) Broad-based research and information about the criminal legal system
  • Gun control (46) Information and data about gun violence, firearms, and gun control policy
  • Health and healthcare (245) Research on access to healthcare, chronic and infectious disease, mortality, and more
  • Immigration (80) Research on the incarceration and detainment of immigrants
  • Incarceration rates and trends (340) Research documenting the growth of prison and jail populations
  • International incarceration (45) Curated research on incarceration trends worldwide, and how they compare to the U.S.
  • Jails (302) Research on jail populations, jail conditions, jail construction, and more
  • LGBTQ (27) Information and data on the mass criminalization and incarceration of LGBTQ+ people
  • Mental health (96) Research on the prevalence and treatment of mental illness in the criminal legal system
  • Policing (280) Information and data on arrests, traffic stops, law enforcement interactions, and more
  • Poverty and wealth (171) Research on fines, fees, debt, and the criminalization of poor people
  • Pretrial detention (148) Research on the costs and outcomes of detaining people before trial
  • Prison gerrymandering (20) Research on prison-based gerrymandering (see also www.prisonersofthecensus.org)
  • Privatization (105) Information and data on how private companies exploit incarcerated people and their families
  • Probation and parole (141) Information about community supervision policies, conditions, violations, and more
  • Public opinion (52) Research on public perceptions of crime, prison, reform, and more
  • Racial and ethnic disparities (192) Research and statistics on racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal legal system
  • Reentry and recidivism (263) Information and research on the challenges and outcomes for people released from incarceration, including collateral consequences
  • Sentencing policy (152) Research on the rise and impact of excessive criminal sentences
  • Sex-related convictions (18) Research about the unique punishment of sex-related crimes through registries, civil commitment, and other means
  • Women and gender (153) Information and data on gender disparities in the criminal legal system
  • Youth and juvenile justice (403) Research about youth in the criminal legal system

Enter one word from the title, author or topic to search the library:

Advanced search options or view entire database by the date added.


Some of the most recently added reports are:

Wednesday, December 31 2025:

  • Hepatitis C Virus Is Associated With Increased Mortality Among Incarcerated Hospitalized Persons in Massachusetts, Alysse G. Wurcel, Rubeen Guardado, and Curt G. Beckwith. December, 2021. "[Hepatitis C virus] was associated with a 61% increased risk of 2-year mortality even after controlling for severity of disease...Black race was associated with decreased risk of death in both the univariate and multivariate analyses."
  • The Jail-to-Deportation Pipeline in Wisconsin, ACLU Wisconsin. July, 2025. "Our 2022 report noted that eight Wisconsin sheriffs had signed formal 287(g) agreements. As of July 2025, according to ICE, the number of Wisconsin law enforcement agencies with active 287(g) agreements has increased to 13."
  • Coming Home? Assessing the Housing Needs of People Nearing Release from Illinois Prisons, Loyola Chicago Center for Criminal Justice. December, 2025. "A total of 28% of the men and 42% of the women...said they were unsheltered or unhoused at least part of the time during the 3 years before prison."

Friday, December 19 2025:

Thursday, December 18 2025:

  • The use of solitary confinement and in-custody mortality in North Carolina State Prisons, 2021-2023, Katherine LeMasters et al. September, 2025. "As individuals were admitted to prison, approximately 3% went directly into two or more weeks of consecutive solitary confinement."
  • Limited by Design: The Policy Framework of Legal Access in Prison, Ithaka S+R. May, 2025. "Only about a quarter of states...include provisions in their policies specifying the hours of operation for prison law libraries. Another 25 percent delegate this decision to individual facilities, offering no statewide standard."
  • Barriers and Facilitators to Delivering Cancer Care in US Prisons, Christopher R. Manz et al. October, 2025. "Security restrictions also prohibit family members from attending clinic visits or clinicians from calling family, such that incarcerated patients must process complex information about their prognosis alone."
  • Incarceration and Quality of Cancer Care, Oluwadamilola T. Oladeru et al. October, 2025. "In the incarcerated group, the median time to treatment was 33 days for those with local and regional stage at diagnosis, compared with 31 days in the postrelease group and 21 days in the never incarcerated group."
  • Trapped in Time: The Silent Crisis of Elderly Incarceration, ACLU and the Prison & Jail Innovation Lab. September, 2025. "In 2012, a court ruling led to the negotiated release of 178 elderly, life-sentenced people in Maryland...in the four years following the court ruling, not a single person was rearrested for a crime more serious than a traffic offense."
  • Hiding in Plain Sight: How local jails obscure and facilitate mass deportation under Trump, Prison Policy Initiative. July, 2025. "ICE and other federal agencies can refer people for federal prosecution on immigration-related "crimes" and thus use contracted local jails...this shift hides the true scale of immigrant detention from public view."
  • Counsel at First Appearance Evaluation, Georges Naufal et al. August, 2023. "The presence of defense counsel lowered the average bond amount from about $15,000 to around $12,500 (in Hays County) and from about $11,400 to around $10,700 (in Potter County)."
  • Solitary confinement and post-release drug and alcohol test failure among formerly incarcerated men on parole in Pennsylvania (2010-2023), Paywall :( Claudia N. Anderson, Jessica T. Simes, Jaquelyn L. Jahn, and Bruce Western. November, 2025. "Drug test failure was common among those on parole and especially for those with severe SUD."
  • Life Sentences in the United States, [Website] Wilson Center for Science and Justice. November, 2025. (This dashboard compiles presents two decades of data on people serving life sentences in the United States, including state-level and demographic data.)
  • The Role of Second Look Policies in Reforming California's Approach to Incarceration, California Policy Lab. September, 2025. "People released due to resentencing policies were less likely to be convicted of new crimes within the first year than total releases, and the majority of new convictions were for misdemeanors. The one-year new conviction rates ranged from 3% to 29%."
  • Work To Be Done: Women's Incarceration in the 21st Century, National Council for Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Women and Girls and the FreeHer Institute. October, 2025. "Black and Latina women are incarcerated at higher rates than white women (1.6x and 1.2x respectively), although it is worth noting that white women's rate of incarceration is on the rise compared to other groups."
  • Youth Confinement: The Whole Pie 2025, Prison Policy Initiative. August, 2025. "By our estimation, nearly 45% of youth in confinement could likely be safely released today."


Stay Informed


Get the latest updates:



Share on 𝕏 Donate