Prison-Based Gerrymandering
- Primer for reporters on county or municipal redistricting & prison-based gerymandering, [PDF] Prison Policy Initiative. March, 2011. "ith one exception, whenever the public has learned that local districts are being based on prison populations, there was public outcry and the county decided to avoid prison- based gerrymandering by adjusting the census."
- Preventing Prison-Based Gerrymandering in Redistricting What to Watch For, [PDF] Prison Policy Initiative and Demos. February, 2011. (This guide will tell you what to look for in [redistricting] data and the state's proposed plan in order to minimize the harm of prison-based gerrymandering.)
- Captive Constituents Prison-Based Gerrymandering and the Distortion of Our Democracy, [PDF] NAACP. July, 2010. "Prison-based gerrymandering uses people’s bodies to count against their interests."
- Importing Constituents Prisoners and Political Clout in California, Prison Policy Initiative. March, 2010. "There are 12 California counties where a large percentage of their “residents” are actually people incarcerated at prisons that happen to be located in the county."
- Importing Constituents Prisoners and Political Clout in Connecticut, Prison Policy Initiative. March, 2010. "In seven Connecticut's house districts more than 5% of the population is actually disenfranchised people who are legal residents of other parts of the state."
- Importing Constituents Incarcerated People and Political Clout in Maryland, Prison Policy Initiative. March, 2010. "In Somerset County, a large prison is 64% of the 1st Commission District, giving each resident in that district 2.7 times as much influence as residents in other districts."
- Fixing prison-based gerrymandering after the 2010 Census A 50 state guide, Prison Policy Initiative. March, 2010. "[A State-by-state] summary of how the prison miscount harms state and local democracy, how each state defines residence for incarcerated people, and the status of reform efforts."
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Illinois, Prison Policy Initiative. February, 2010. "Illinois’ reliance on flawed Census data is responsible for a large shift in political clout from the Chicago area to downstate regions and a significant distortion of power within counties that contain prisons."
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Massachusetts, Prison Policy Initiative. October, 2009. "Five of Massachusetts’ House districts meet federal minimal population requirements only because the state treats prisoners as residents of the district with the prison."
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Oklahoma, Prison Policy Initiative. September, 2009. ([B]y relying on Census Bureau counts of prison populations to pad out legislative districts with prisons, Oklahoma is inflating the votes of residents who live near prisons at the expense of every other resident in the state.)
- Importing Constituents Prisoners and Political Clout in Pennsylvania, [PDF] Prison Policy Initiative. June, 2009. "The legislative commission that drew Pennsylvania’s districts in 2001 met the federal standard of population equality, but only because prisoners were counted in the wrong place."
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Wisconsin, Prison Policy Initiative. March, 2008.
- Phantom Constituents in Tennessee's Boards of County Commissioners Prison Policy Initiative; Peter Wagner and JooHye DellaRocco. February, 2008. "[This report] identifies 10 Tennessee counties in which the use of flawed Census data to draw county commissioner districts has created substantial inequities in political power within the counties."
- Prisoners of the Census: Electoral and Financial Consequences of Counting Prisoners Where They Go, Not Where They Come From, [PDF] Eric Lotke and Prison Policy Initiative. April, 2005.
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Nevada, Prison Policy Initiative and Progressive Leadership Alliance of Nevada. December, 2004.
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Montana, Prison Policy Initiative. December, 2004.
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Texas, Prison Policy Initiative. November, 2004.
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in Ohio, Prison Policy Initiative. July, 2004.
- Prisoners of the Census Miscounting prisoners undercounts democracy, [Website] Prison Policy Initiative. March, 2004.
- Accuracy Counts Incarcerated People & the Census, [PDF] Brennan Center for Justice. January, 2004. "Counting incarcerated people according to their home of record is the fairest and most accurate way to assess the true size and needs of urban communities, and to ensure equitable distribution of population-based funding and political power."
- Importing Constituents: Prisoners and Political Clout in New York, Prison Policy Initiative. April, 2002. (Study of the effect of counting urban prisoners as rural residents for purposes of state legislative redistricting)
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