Research Library
Our mission is to empower activists, journalists, and policymakers to shape effective criminal justice policy, so we go beyond our original reports and analyses to curate a database of virtually all the empirical criminal justice
research available online.
Tips: If you know what you are looking for, you may also search the database. We also have an email newsletter (at right)(at bottom) for new research library updates.
- COVID-19 (82) Research on the pandemic’s impact on prisons and jails
- Community impact (120) Research on the impact of the criminal legal system on housing, schools, employment, neighborhoods, and more
- Conditions of confinement (292) Research on prison and jail conditions such as solitary confinement, labor, discipline, food, and more
- Courts and trials (180) Research on prosecutors, judges, public defense, court caseloads, and more
- Crime (290) Curated research on crime, crime rates, and victimization
- Death penalty (156) Information and data on capital punishment and executions
- Disability (34) Research on the prevalence of, and challenges faced by, people with disabilities in the criminal legal system
- Drug policy and treatment (187) Research on punishing and treating drug use in the criminal legal system
- Economics of incarceration (188) Research on the economic drivers and consequences of mass incarceration
- Education (135) Curated research on education programs in prisons and the school-to-prison pipeline
- Families (162) Information and data on the criminal legal system’s impacts on families
- Felony disenfranchisement and voting rights (94) Information about laws barring people from the polls because of criminal convictions
- General (176) Broad-based research and information about the criminal legal system
- Gun control (46) Information and data about gun violence, firearms, and gun control policy
- Health and healthcare (253) Research on access to healthcare, chronic and infectious disease, mortality, and more
- Immigration (81) Research on the incarceration and detainment of immigrants
- Incarceration rates and trends (341) Research documenting the growth of prison and jail populations
- International incarceration (45) Curated research on incarceration trends worldwide, and how they compare to the U.S.
- Jails (303) Research on jail populations, jail conditions, jail construction, and more
- LGBTQ (27) Information and data on the mass criminalization and incarceration of LGBTQ+ people
- Mental health (98) Research on the prevalence and treatment of mental illness in the criminal legal system
- Policing (280) Information and data on arrests, traffic stops, law enforcement interactions, and more
- Poverty and wealth (171) Research on fines, fees, debt, and the criminalization of poor people
- Pretrial detention (149) Research on the costs and outcomes of detaining people before trial
- Prison gerrymandering (20) Research on prison-based gerrymandering (see also www.prisonersofthecensus.org)
- Privatization (105) Information and data on how private companies exploit incarcerated people and their families
- Probation and parole (142) Information about community supervision policies, conditions, violations, and more
- Public opinion (52) Research on public perceptions of crime, prison, reform, and more
- Racial and ethnic disparities (193) Research and statistics on racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal legal system
- Reentry and recidivism (265) Information and research on the challenges and outcomes for people released from incarceration, including collateral consequences
- Sentencing policy (152) Research on the rise and impact of excessive criminal sentences
- Sex-related convictions (18) Research about the unique punishment of sex-related crimes through registries, civil commitment, and other means
- Women and gender (156) Information and data on gender disparities in the criminal legal system
- Youth and juvenile justice (405) Research about youth in the criminal legal system
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Advanced search options or view entire database by the date added.
Some of the most recently added reports are:
Friday, February 6 2026:
- Heat Mitigation Report,
Connecticut Office of the Correction Ombuds.
October, 2025.
"Documented deficiencies included unreliable access to cold drinking water, poor fan placement or removal of fans from housing units, inconsistent implementation of protocols, and reports of retaliation by staff through fan shut-offs."
- Investigatory Report of Nebraska Department of Correctional Services Disciplinary Process,
Nebraska Ombudsman's Office.
October, 2025.
"The Ombudsman's Office cannot determine how or if the IDC takes into consideration circumstantial evidence or defenses. There are no guidelines in policy on how evidence is weighed."
- Dignity and Safety for Young Adults in Prison: Qualitative Findings from a Collaborative Randomized Control Trial in South Carolina,
Vera Institute of Justice.
September, 2025.
"All young adults in the Restoring Promise housing unit treatment group reported feeling safe, while young adults in the regular housing unit control group were split on their perceptions and feelings of safety."
- Experiential Expertise in Law: What Lived Experience Can Teach,
Rachel Lopez.
July, 2025.
"Experiential expertise can elevate a different set of legal questions to be explained and explored, particularly in the realm of legal scholarship and policymaking."
- Correctional Health and Oncologist Perspectives on Strategies to Improve Cancer Care in US Prisons,
Christopher R. Manz et al.
October, 2025.
"Prisons and policymakers can further promote patient-centered care by liberalizing policies on physical restraints, particularly in clinical situations where they are likely unnecessary (eg, while patients are actively dying), participants said."
- Strengthening the U.S. Medicolegal Death Investigation System: Lessons from Deaths in Custody,
The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine.
October, 2025.
"States should require licensure of all medicolegal death investigators. Licensure should be granted by an appropriate regulatory body, such as a state department of health or licensing board."
- Organizing for Abolition in ICE Custody,
Sarah Sherman-Stokes.
November, 2025.
"The social movement within, and around, Irwin [Detention Center] was able to make and interpret law in ways that are distinct...as compared to the role played by lawyers, judges, and legislators."
- Eliminating Pretrial Detention,
Shima Baradaran Baughman.
December, 2024.
"In what is referred to as a "detention net" scheme, this Article proposes that a statutory release target of 90% can help jurisdictions effectuate abolition by holding judges accountable to higher rates of release."
- The case for transitional services and programs for older adults reentering society: a narrative review of US departments of correction and recommendations,
Rose Onyeali et al.
May, 2022.
"Programs federally supported through Veterans Affairs, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service and the SSA should be consistently and automatically reactivated prior to release, with processes to assist older adults who have never received benefits."
- Motion for Justice: Lessons from Building Equitable Prosecutor-Initiated Diversion Programs with Community Partners,
Vera Institute for Justice.
May, 2025.
"Approaching diversion through a needs-based lens--focusing not on specific charges but rather on systemic issues such as poverty, homelessness, youth...creates more opportunities for people to receive services and have their needs met."
- Menopause management and women's right to healthcare in prison,
Marie-Claire Van Hout, Lizz Srisuwan, and Emma Plugge.
November, 2022.
"Our investigation highlights the continued lack of sufficient resourcing of gender and age sensitive healthcare programming in prisons."
- Youth Justice by the Numbers,
Sentencing Project.
November, 2025.
"On a typical day, 87 out of 100,000 youth nationwide are held in juvenile facilities, pre- and post-adjudication, with rates varying widely among states."