A scatter plot showing the relationship between 5th grade standardized test English language arts scores and imprisonment rate in over 700 elementary school zones across New York City.  The image shows a strong negative correlation, showing that as the imprisonment rate increases, these standardized English language arts scores decrease.

Data Source: For data sourcing see, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/origin/ny/report.html. (Graph: Emily Widra, 2020)

This graph originally appeared in Mapping disadvantage: The geography of incarceration in New York State.

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