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North Dakota has an incarceration rate of 583 per 100,000 people (including prisons, jails, immigration detention, and juvenile justice facilities), meaning that it locks up a higher percentage of its people than almost any democracy on earth. Read on to learn more about who is incarcerated in North Dakota and why.

Jump to COVID-19 data.

4,500 people from North Dakota are behind bars

Additionally, the number of people impacted by county and city jails in North Dakota is much larger than the graph above would suggest, because people cycle through local jails relatively quickly. Each year, at least 13,000 different people are booked into local jails in North Dakota.

Rates of imprisonment have grown dramatically in the last 40 years

Also see these North Dakota graphs:

• total numbers rather than rates.
• Women’s prisons: Incarceration Rates | Total Population
• Men’s prisons: Incarceration Rates | Total Population

Today, North Dakota’s incarceration rates stand out internationally

In the U.S., incarceration extends beyond prisons and local jails to include other systems of confinement. The U.S. and state incarceration rates in this graph include people held by these other parts of the justice system, so they may be slightly higher than the commonly reported incarceration rates that only include prisons and jails. Details on the data are available in States of Incarceration: The Global Context. We also have a version of this graph focusing on the incarceration of women.

People of color are overrepresented in prisons and jails

See also our detailed graphs about Whites, Hispanics, Blacks, and American Indians/Native Americans in North Dakota prisons and jails.

North Dakota's criminal justice system is more than just its prisons and jails

Data on COVID-19 in North Dakota jails and prisons

We gave North Dakota a failing grade in September 2021 for its response to the coronavirus in prisons, noting that:

• North Dakota is one of only 8 states that have failed to reduce their prison population by more than 10% during the pandemic.
• North Dakota failed to utilize one of the most obvious, and easiest, tools for reducing the prison population — stopping prison admissions for technical violations of probation and parole (which are not crimes).

For more detail, see our report States of Emergency. Or check out these other resources:

• During the pandemic, North Dakota suspended medical copays for incarcerated people seeking treatment for COVID-like symptoms. It should end these copays completely.
• Our Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic page tracks criminal justice policy responses to the coronavirus all 50 states
• North Dakota prisons were still over 95% capacity in December 2020, several months into the pandemic
• As of August 2020, North Dakota prisons were not even requiring staff to wear masks at work
• State prison and jail population data for February 2022. (Previous data is available for October 2021, June 2021, February 2021, December 2020, September 2020, August 2020, and May 2020.) Data availability varies by state.

Our other articles about North Dakota

• North Dakota prisons release about 1,358 people every year
• How the end of Roe v. Wade will impact the 1,760 women on probation and parole in North Dakota
• Fees for sending money to a loved one in a North Dakota prison are unreasonably high
• We graded the parole release systems of all 50 states - North Dakota gets an F-

Other resources

• Research on North Dakota in our Research Library