Appendix Table 2. Jail trends by state, 2019
| State | Jail incarceration rate (adjusted), 2019 | Jail growth (adjusted), 1983‑2019 | Percent unconvicted, 2019 | Percent held for state and federal authorities, 2019 | Percent held for state prisons, 2019 | Percent held for immigration authorities, 2019 | Percent held for U.S. Marshals Service, 2019 | Percent held for other agencies, 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 252 | 1.6 | 74% | 22% | 16% | 0.5% | 5.5% | 22% |
| Arizona | 176 | 0.9 | 80% | 2.3% | 0% | 0.2% | 1.6% | 2.4% |
| Arkansas | 225 | 2.2 | 67% | 26% | 18% | 0.8% | 7.0% | 26% |
| California | 181 | 0.2 | 59% | 5.9% | 2.1% | 0.6% | 2.4% | 5.9% |
| Colorado | 219 | 2.0 | 60% | 3.8% | 1.8% | 0.4% | 1.3% | 3.8% |
| District of Columbia | 195 | -0.4 | 80% | 26% | 0% | 0% | 25% | 26% |
| Florida | 248 | 0.8 | 58% | 7.3% | 1.9% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 7.3% |
| Georgia | 349 | 0.9 | 59% | 16% | 11% | 3.7% | 1.4% | 16% |
| Idaho | 169 | 1.6 | 48% | 30% | 23% | 0.6% | 4.4% | 30% |
| Illinois | 116 | 0.4 | 77% | 10% | 0% | 4.0% | 6.1% | 10% |
| Indiana | 292 | 3.2 | 65% | 4.6% | 1.5% | 0.5% | 2.5% | 4.7% |
| Iowa | 138 | 3.5 | 74% | 15% | 0% | 2.4% | 12% | 15% |
| Kansas | 229 | 3.3 | 68% | 18% | 2.6% | 2.3% | 12% | 18% |
| Kentucky | 299 | 2.1 | 44% | 49% | 41% | 0.7% | 5.9% | 49% |
| Louisiana | 260 | 0.9 | 49% | 61% | 54% | 4.9% | 2.0% | 61% |
| Maine | 113 | 1.8 | 63% | 11% | 0.6% | 0% | 10% | 11% |
| Maryland | 138 | 0.3 | 51% | 5.8% | 1.2% | 3.9% | 0.6% | 5.8% |
| Massachusetts | 123 | 1.0 | 58% | 12% | 2.9% | 7.0% | 1.7% | 12% |
| Michigan | 153 | 0.8 | 54% | 6.4% | 0% | 2.5% | 3.8% | 6.6% |
| Minnesota | 94 | 0.8 | 67% | 24% | 13% | 7.0% | 4.3% | 24% |
| Mississippi | 200 | 2.5 | 48% | 58% | 39% | 9.7% | 9.3% | 58% |
| Missouri | 178 | 1.3 | 78% | 14% | 0% | 1.2% | 12% | 14% |
| Montana | 189 | 2.8 | 57% | 18% | 12% | 0.2% | 5.9% | 18% |
| Nebraska | 185 | 2.1 | 74% | 16% | 3.1% | 3.6% | 8.9% | 16% |
| Nevada | 213 | 1.1 | 64% | 6.9% | 0.2% | 5.4% | 1.0% | 7.0% |
| New Hampshire | 81 | 0.6 | 43% | 27% | 3.5% | 4.5% | 18% | 27% |
| New Jersey | 83 | 0.2 | 57% | 26% | 2.3% | 16% | 7.5% | 26% |
| New Mexico | 252 | 1.9 | 75% | 16% | 0% | 0.1% | 16% | 17% |
| New York | 108 | 0.2 | 66% | 4.8% | 0% | 1.0% | 3.8% | 4.8% |
| North Carolina | 195 | -1.0 | 82% | 7.9% | 0% | 1.1% | 6.7% | 7.9% |
| North Dakota | 154 | 3.2 | 74% | 17% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 15% | 17% |
| Ohio | 171 | 1.4 | 65% | 4.9% | 0% | 1.3% | 2.6% | 4.9% |
| Oklahoma | 261 | 2.5 | 75% | 10% | 0.1% | 2.5% | 3.5% | 9.7% |
| Oregon | 136 | 0.6 | 55% | 4.7% | 0% | 0.6% | 3.8% | 5.1% |
| Pennsylvania | 234 | 1.7 | 66% | 6.5% | 0% | 3.5% | 2.7% | 6.5% |
| South Carolina | 208 | 1.9 | 73% | 10% | 2.9% | 1.3% | 5.9% | 10% |
| South Dakota | 179 | 2.8 | 73% | 23% | 0.05% | 0.4% | 22% | 23% |
| Tennessee | 342 | 1.6 | 53% | 25% | 23% | 0.6% | 1.7% | 25% |
| Texas | 174 | 0.9 | 76% | 28% | 17% | 2.9% | 7.8% | 28% |
| Utah | 161 | 2.0 | 43% | 30% | 21% | 1.3% | 7.6% | 30% |
| Virginia | 230 | 1.2 | 46% | 30% | 24% | 0.3% | 5.7% | 30% |
| Washington | 152 | 0.9 | 73% | 4.9% | 1.6% | 0.4% | 2.9% | 5.9% |
| West Virginia | 223 | 3.0 | 56% | 23% | 17% | 0% | 0% | 23% |
| Wisconsin | 212 | 2.2 | 50% | 8.6% | 3.8% | 2.8% | 1.9% | 8.6% |
| Wyoming | 244 | 2.3 | 74% | 12% | 5.0% | 0.5% | 6.0% | 12% |
Sources and methodology
- Jail incarceration rate (adjusted), 2019
- The number of people incarcerated for local authorities in local jails (excluding people held in jails for state or federal authorities) per 100,000 people in that state. Data collected from Census of Jails, 2019. For the details on the portion of each state or federal population that we removed from the jail population, see the methodology for details on the adjustments made to state jail populations. For statewide populations reported by the Census Bureau, see Appendix Table 6.
- Jail growth (adjusted), 1983-2019
- The change in a state’s adjusted jail incarceration rate from 1983 to 2013. A figure of 2, for example, means that the adjusted jail incarceration rate is twice as high in 2019 as it was in 1983. (For rates going back to 1978, see Appendix Table 4.)
- Percent unconvicted, 2019
- The percent of people, in that state, physically held in local jails who are unconvicted or pretrial. This percentage includes individuals who are being held for federal and state authorities. For more information on why we were unable to adjust these state level percentage figures to remove people held for other authorizes, see the methodology. Data collected from Census of Jails, 2019.
- Percent held for state and federal authorities, 2019
- The percent of people, in that state, being physically held in local jails for all federal and state authorities as reported by jails to the Bureau of Justice Statistics and dividing by the jail population reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data collected from Census of Jails, 2019.
- Percent held for state prisons, 2019
- The percent of people being physically held in jails who are being held for a state prison system. We calculated this figure by dividing the number of people held in local jails as reported in Prisoners in 2019 by the jail population reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in Census of Jails, 2019.
- Percent held for immigration authorities, 2019
- The percent of people being physically held in jails who are being held for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (formerly known as the Immigration and Naturalization Service) as collected in the Census of Jails, 2019. We calculated this figure by taking the immigration detention numbers reported by jails to the Bureau of Justice Statistics and dividing it by the jail population reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
- Percent held for U.S. Marshals Service, 2019
- The percent of people being physically held in jails who are being held for the U.S. Marshals Service as collected in the Census of Jails, 2019. We calculated this figure by taking the Marshals Service detention numbers reported by jails to the Bureau of Justice Statistics and dividing it by the jail population reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
- Percent held for other agencies, 2019
- The percent of people being physically held in jails for other federal and state agencies including the federal Bureau of Prisons, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and any other agencies specified by jails in their responses to the Bureau of Justice Statistics in the Census of Jails, 2019. We calculated this figure by taking the number of people being held for other state and federal agencies and dividing it by the jail population reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
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