Data Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics' Survey of Prison Inmates, 2016 data analyzed by the Prison Policy Initiative, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2016-2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Model-Based Prevalence Estimates (50 States and the District of Columbia) Tables 1 and 23. (Graph: Wendy Sawyer, 2022)

This graph originally appeared in Beyond the count: A deep dive into the state prison populations.