bar chart comparing rates of COPD among the adult population, recently jailed population, and recently imprisoned population by race/ethnicity in Minnesota

Data Source: Compiled by the Prison Policy Initiative from Zellmer, L., et al. Estimating Health Condition Prevalence Among a Statewide Cohort with Recent Homelessness or Incarceration. J GEN INTERN MED (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-025-09814-x and the Minnesota EHR Consortium's Health Trends Dashboard at https://mnehrconsortium.org/health-trends-across-communities-minnesota-dashboard. (Graph: Emily Widra, 2025)

This graph originally appeared in Large Minnesota study underscores disproportionate rates of health problems among recently incarcerated and unhoused people.

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