Punishment Beyond Prisons 2026: Incarceration and Supervision by State, Appendix

  Count   Rate
States State Prisons Federal Prisons Local Jails Indian Country Jails Youth Facilities Involuntary Commitment Probation Parole Total Under Correctional Control   State Prisons Rate Federal Prisons Rate Local Jails Rate Indian Country Jails Rate Youth Facilities Rate Involuntary Commitment Rate Probation Rate Parole Rate Total Rate Total State Population
Alabama 27,181 3,353 12,743 762 140 44,202 6,547 94,928 532 66 249 15 3 865 128 1,858 5,108,468
Alaska 4,478 382 - 168 10 2,568 1,115 8,720 611 52 400 23 1 350 152 1,589 733,406
Arizona 34,473 3,293 13,016 716 399 329 75,564 6,471 134,260 464 44 175 10 5 4 1,017 87 1,806 7,431,344
Arkansas 18,503 2,871 7,463 486 246 50,578 21,519 101,664 603 94 243 16 8 1,649 701 3,314 3,067,732
California 95,962 9,737 52,688 2,433 6,802 147,983 38,206 353,811 246 25 135 6 17 380 98 907 38,965,193
Colorado 17,459 1,646 9,802 60 474 420 74,177 8,749 112,787 297 28 167 1 8 7 1,262 149 1,919 5,877,610
Connecticut 11,099 823 0 69 229 29,819 2,535 44,574 307 23 0 2 6 824 70 1,232 3,617,176
Delaware 4,867 341 0 108 47 10,740 295 16,399 472 33 0 10 5 1,041 29 1,590 1,031,890
District of Columbia n/a 3,313 1,479 144 133 4,374 1,611 11,054 0 488 218 21 20 644 237 1,628 678,972
Florida 87,207 11,424 48,772 1,749 1,657 182,987 3,631 337,427 386 51 216 8 7 809 16 1,493 22,610,726
Georgia 50,425 6,625 36,510 858 768 360,916 13,666 469,768 457 60 331 8 7 3,272 124 4,259 11,029,227
Hawaii 3,942 643 0 33 430 14,031 1,096 20,175 275 45 0 2 30 978 76 1,406 1,435,138
Idaho 9,829 863 3,405 46 249 72 32,875 6,452 53,791 500 44 173 2 13 4 1,673 328 2,737 1,964,726
Illinois 29,828 5,300 12,502 672 1,723 118,856 16,172 185,054 238 42 100 5 14 947 129 1,475 12,549,689
Indiana 25,088 3,132 16,911 894 266 86,558 5,966 138,815 366 46 246 13 4 1,261 87 2,023 6,862,199
Iowa 8,831 3,915 3,678 279 204 26,451 6,538 49,896 275 122 115 9 6 825 204 1,556 3,207,004
Kansas 9,125 1,767 5,605 285 373 13,816 5,289 36,260 310 60 191 10 13 470 180 1,234 2,940,547
Kentucky 19,175 3,514 10,584 486 40 52,189 12,132 98,119 424 78 234 11 1 1,153 268 2,169 4,526,154
Louisiana 28,186 2,650 20,441 771 425 34,643 17,535 104,651 616 58 447 17 9 757 383 2,287 4,573,749
Maine 1,873 422 1,680 36 0 5,507 0 9,517 134 30 120 3 0 395 0 682 1,395,722
Maryland 16,236 2,911 15,285 270 946 74,242 9,254 119,143 263 47 247 4 15 1,201 150 1,927 6,180,253
Massachusetts 6,002 1,225 5,461 285 172 42,257 1,611 57,012 86 17 78 4 2 604 23 814 7,001,399
Michigan 32,986 4,156 11,338 3 768 429 100,159 7,900 157,740 329 41 113 8 4 998 79 1,572 10,037,261
Minnesota 8,725 2,068 4,033 34 438 758 82,558 6,366 104,979 152 36 70 1 8 13 1,439 111 1,830 5,737,915
Mississippi 19,526 1,948 6,450 81 234 93 34,672 9,387 72,390 664 66 219 3 8 3 1,179 319 2,461 2,939,690
Missouri 24,223 6,666 8,680 705 1,168 37,543 15,810 94,794 391 108 140 11 19 606 255 1,530 6,196,156
Montana 4,985 1,004 2,430 343 114 54 10,477 1,115 20,522 440 89 215 30 10 5 925 98 1,812 1,132,812
Nebraska 5,931 1,626 3,059 13 321 297 11,238 820 23,305 300 82 155 1 16 15 568 41 1,178 1,978,379
Nevada 10,463 1,064 6,182 6 504 202 15,964 5,203 39,588 328 33 194 16 6 500 163 1,240 3,194,176
New Hampshire 2,115 382 1,195 33 35 2,783 1,439 7,981 151 27 85 2 2 198 103 568 1,402,054
New Jersey 11,675 2,088 8,151 432 856 27,300 14,819 65,322 126 22 88 5 9 294 160 704 9,290,841
New Mexico 5,586 1,907 4,443 136 222 88 16,521 2,125 31,028 264 90 210 6 10 4 781 101 1,466 2,114,371
New York 32,583 7,629 13,488 1,119 1,146 63,769 22,958 142,692 166 39 69 6 6 326 117 729 19,571,216
North Carolina 30,685 7,669 15,106 44 573 250 58,184 9,663 122,174 283 71 139 5 2 537 89 1,126 10,835,491
North Dakota 1,899 863 1,222 153 42 41 5,780 724 10,725 242 110 156 5 5 737 92 1,347 783,926
Ohio 46,530 4,899 14,508 1,824 1,104 186,434 15,705 271,004 395 42 123 15 9 1,582 133 2,299 11,785,935
Oklahoma 22,283 3,815 8,909 19 270 302 50,135 2,220 87,953 550 94 220 7 7 1,237 55 2,170 4,053,824
Oregon 12,316 1,225 4,396 603 914 17,868 9,651 47,257 291 29 104 14 22 422 228 1,117 4,233,358
Pennsylvania 38,860 5,320 21,121 1,122 416 131,139 70,360 268,339 300 41 163 9 3 1,012 543 2,071 12,961,683
Rhode Island 2,519 281 0 99 54 16,286 362 19,602 230 26 0 9 5 1,486 33 1,789 1,095,962
South Carolina 16,453 3,152 10,053 618 473 35,473 3,126 69,348 306 59 187 12 9 660 58 1,291 5,373,555
South Dakota 3,764 1,526 2,359 350 138 37 5,478 3,231 16,882 409 166 257 38 15 4 596 351 1,836 919,318
Tennessee 24,408 6,003 20,792 309 138 103,926 11,684 167,260 342 84 292 4 2 1,458 164 2,346 7,126,489
Texas 149,264 22,848 71,331 2,955 1,889 367,156 93,613 709,055 489 75 234 10 6 1,204 307 2,325 30,503,301
Utah 6,402 1,124 4,544 255 133 14,919 3,431 30,809 187 33 133 7 4 437 100 901 3,417,734
Vermont 1,334 181 0 6 4 3,330 696 5,550 206 28 0 1 1 514 107 857 647,464
Virginia 27,442 3,975 15,263 879 1,557 71,666 1,506 122,288 315 46 175 10 18 822 17 1,403 8,715,698
Washington 14,441 2,148 6,999 358 543 740 72,654 9,406 107,289 185 27 90 5 7 9 930 120 1,373 7,812,880
West Virginia 5,800 1,285 2,758 414 84 4,101 3,831 18,273 328 73 156 23 5 232 216 1,033 1,770,071
Wisconsin 22,418 1,606 9,215 38 399 721 38,656 20,976 94,028 379 27 156 1 7 12 654 355 1,591 5,910,955
Wyoming 2,212 522 883 31 87 57 5,116 791 9,700 379 89 151 5 15 10 876 135 1,660 584,057
50 states and D.C. total 1,097,597 169,128 556,930 2,431 29,314 29,471 3,088,019 535,591 5,508,481 328 60 167 1 9 7 922 194 1,688 334,914,896

Data sources and methodology

State Prisons
Number of people in state prison in that state on December 31, 2023. See the full methodology for more detail.
Federal Prisons
Number of people in federal Bureau of Prisons facilities on January 22, 2026 and the projected U.S. Marshals Service population for FY2025. For how we apportioned the federal prison population to the state of origin, see the full methodology.
Local Jails
People under the supervision of local jails in that state in spring 2024. To avoid double-counting, people held under contract with other agencies are not included. See the full methodology for more detail.
Youth Facilities
Number of people under age 21 held in youth residential placement facilities on October 25, 2023, including those committed, detained, diverted, or with an other or unknown status. Youth under 18 held in adult facilities are not included here. State counts do not sum to total because there were 1,380 youth placements without a corresponding state, so they are only counted in the total. Additionally, to preserve the privacy of the juvenile residents, state-level counts have been rounded to the nearest multiple of three. See the full methodology for more detail.
Involuntary Commitment
This category includes people involuntarily committed to state psychiatric hospitals due to involvement with the criminal legal system, known as "forensic patients." which includes those found Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity. It also includes people in held in civil commitment facilities for sexual offense convictions in that state (or the federal Bureau of Prisons) in the latest available year of data, ranging from 2018 to 2026. See the full methodology for more detail.
Indian Country Jails
Number of people in held in Indian Country jails within that state on June 30, 2024. See the full methodology for more detail.
Parole
Number of people on parole in that state on December 31, 2021. See the full methodology for more detail.
Probation
Number of people on probation in that state on December 31, 2021. See the full methodology for more detail.
Total Under Correctional Control
This is the sum of the previous 8 columns, representing the number of people incarcerated or under community supervision in that state.
State Prisons Rate
The number of people in state prison in that state per 100,000 people in that state.
Federal Prisons Rate
The number of people in federal prison from that state per 100,000 people in that state.
Local Jails Rate
The number of people in local jails in that state - not including people held under contract with other authorities - per 100,000 people in that state.
Youth Confinement Rate
The number of people under 21 held in youth residential placement facilities per 100,000 people in that state. Note that that is different than other statistics calculated per 100,000 youth.
Involuntary Commitment Rate
The number of people in state psychiatric hospitals or civil commitment facilities in that state per 100,000 people in that state.
Indian Country Jails Rate
The number of people in Indian Country jails within that state per 100,000 people in that state.
Parole Rate
The number of people on parole per 100,000 people in that state.
Probation Rate
This is the number of people on probation in state per 100,000 people in that state.
Total Rate
This is the sum of the previous eight columns, representing the number of people incarcerated or under community supervision in that state per 100,000 state residents. There may be slight discrepancies due to rounding.
Total State Population
This is the estimated population of each state and D.C. in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey.

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